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Syncretism
Syncretism () is the combining of different, often contradictory beliefs, while blending practices of various schools of thought. Syncretism involves the merger and analogizing of several originally discrete traditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to other faiths. Syncretism also occurs commonly in expressions of arts and culture (known as eclecticism) as well as politics (syncretic politics).
== Nomenclature, orthography, and etymology ==
The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' first attests the word ''syncretism'' in English in 1618. It derives from modern Latin ''syncretismus'', drawing on Greek συγκρητισμός (''synkretismos''), meaning "Cretan federation".
The Greek word occurs in Plutarch's (1st century AD) essay on "Fraternal Love" in his ''Moralia'' (2.490b). He cites the example of the Cretans, who compromised and reconciled their differences and came together in alliance when faced with external dangers. "And that is their so-called ''Syncretism''".
Erasmus probably coined the modern usage of the Latin word in his ''Adagia'' ("Adages"), published in the winter of 1517–1518, to designate the coherence of dissenters in spite of their differences in theological opinions. In a letter to Melanchthon of April 22, 1519, Erasmus specifically adduced the Cretans of Plutarch as an example of his adage "Concord is a mighty rampart".
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